NECO Physics Objective and Essay Questions and Answers 2025/2026

NECO Physics Objective and Essay Questions and Answers 2025/2026

NECO 2025/2026 Physics – Objective Questions (1–50)

Instructions: Choose the correct option A–D that best answers each question.

2025/26 NECO PHYSICS QUESTIONS, THEORY AND OBJECTIVES ANSWERS

OBJECTIVES LOADING…..

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Essay Answers for tomorrow 15/7/2025

(1a)
(i) Drum shell (body)
(ii) Drumhead (membrane)

(1b)
Camera is an optical device that captures and records images on film While A Projector is an optical device that projects enlarged images or videos onto a screen.

(1c)
Given:
Capacity = 263,000 m³
1 barrel = 159,000 m³
Volume in barrels = Capacity / 1 barrel
= 263,000 / 159,000 ≈ 1.65 barrels
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(2a)
Similarity between vectors and scalars:
Both represent physical quantities.

(2b)
A block of mass m slides down an inclined plane at 30° to the horizontal.
Force acting on it along the plane (F) = component of weight along the plane = mg sin θ
Given g = 10 m/s², θ = 30°
So, F = mg sin 30°
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(3a)
(CHOOSE ANY TWO)
(i) Football (kicked in soccer)
(ii) Basketball (thrown towards the hoop)
(iii) Javelin (thrown in athletics)
(iv) Shot put (thrown in athletics)
(v) Discus (thrown in athletics)
(vi) Tennis ball (hit over the net)

(3b)
Given:
Distance (R) = 30 m
Speed (u) = 20 m/s
g = 10 m/s²
To find angle θ for projectile:
Formula for range:
R = (u² sin 2θ) / g
30 = (20² sin 2θ) / 10
30 = (400 sin 2θ) / 10
30 = 40 sin 2θ
sin 2θ = 30 / 40 = 0.75
2θ = sin⁻¹ 0.75 ≈ 48.59°
θ = 48.59° / 2 ≈ 24.3°
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(4a)
Thermocouple is a device made of two different metals joined at two junctions that produces a voltage when there is a temperature difference between the junctions.

(4b)
Given:
Resistance at 0°C (R₀) = 10 Ω
Resistance at 100°C (R₁₀₀) = 15 Ω
Resistance at unknown temperature (R) = 11.5 Ω

Using the linear relation,
R = R₀ + α R₀ T
Where α = temperature coefficient, T = temperature to find.

First find α:
15 = 10 + 10α(100)
15 – 10 = 1000α
5 = 1000α
α = 5 / 1000 = 0.005 per °C

Now let’s find T,
11.5 = 10 + 10(0.005) T
11.5 – 10 = 0.05 T
1.5 = 0.05 T
T = 1.5 / 0.05 = 30°C
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(5a)
It means the effort moves 4 times the distance moved by the load, implying a mechanical advantage of 4.

(5b)
* 50 kg: Mass, the amount of matter in the bag, scalar quantity.

* 500 N: Weight, the force due to gravity acting on the mass (Weight = mass × gravity).
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(6a)
Given:
Period (T) = 0.3 s
Time (t) = 0.6 s
Number of cycles = t / T = 0.6 / 0.3 = 2 cycles.

(6b)
Given:
Speed (v) = 2 m/s
Period (T) = 0.3 s
Wavelength (λ) = v × T = 2 × 0.3 = 0.6m
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(7a)
(i) In optical fibers
(ii) In a prism used in periscopes or binoculars

(7b)
Resonance occurs when the frequency of external force matches the natural frequency of a system, resulting in maximum amplitude WHILE Forced vibration is when a system is made to vibrate by an external force, regardless of its natural frequency.
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(8a)
Capacitor stores energy in an electric field WHILE Inductor stores energy in a magnetic field.

(8b)
Given:
v = 3 × 10⁶ m/s
θ = 60°
F = 6.23 × 10⁻¹⁴ N
q = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C

Using the Formula,
F = qvB sinθ
B = F / (qv sinθ)
= 6.23 × 10⁻¹⁴ / (1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ × 3 × 10⁶ × sin60°)
≈ 6.23 × 10⁻¹⁴ / (4.16 × 10⁻¹³)
≈ 0.15 T

Magnetic flux density (B) ≈ 0.15 tesla
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(9a)
A potentiometer does not draw current from the source being measured, hence gives more accurate emf readings.

(9b)
* Conductor Allows easy flow of electric current (e.g., copper).
* Insulator Resists the flow of electric current (e.g., rubber).
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(10a)
* Adhesion is the force of attraction between molecules of different substances
* Cohesion is the force of attraction between molecules of the same substance

(10b)
Due to strong cohesive force between mercury molecules and weak adhesive force between mercury and glass.

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(11a)
(i) The frequency of incident radiation (higher frequency = higher energy).

(ii) The number of electrons striking the target per unit time (more electrons = greater intensity).

(11b)
Given:
λ = 6 × 10⁻⁷ m
h = 6.6 × 10⁻³⁴ Js
c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s

Using the Formula,
E = hc / λ
= (6.6 × 10⁻³⁴ × 3.0 × 10⁸) / (6 × 10⁻⁷)
= 1.98 × 10⁻²⁵ / 6 × 10⁻⁷
= 3.3 × 10⁻¹⁹J
Energy of the photon ≈ 3.3 × 10⁻¹⁹ joules
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(14a)
Diffraction is the bending or spreading of waves around obstacles or through small openings.

(14b)
(i) Concave mirror.
(ii) Convex mirror.

APPLICATION
(i) Concave mirror is used in torch lights and headlights for focusing light.
(ii) Convex mirror is used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles to provide a wider field of view.

(14c)
See Image

(14d)
Given:
Distance of A from cliff = 16 m
Echo time = 0.1 s
Distance to and from cliff = 2 × 16 = 32 m

(i) Velocity of sound = Distance / Time = 32 / 0.1 = 320 m/s

(ii) Boy B is 5 m farther = 16 + 5 = 21 m
Total distance = 2 × 21 = 42 m
Time = 42 / 320 ≈ 0.13125 s ≈ 0.13 s

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(15ai)
(CHOOSE ANY THREE)
(i) Magnetic declination
(ii) Magnetic inclination
(iii) Horizontal component of Earth’s magnetic field
(iv) Vertical component of Earth’s magnetic field
(v) Magnetic field intensity

(15aii)
(CHOOSE ANY TWO)
(i) Iron is easily magnetized
(ii) Iron loses magnetism quickly when removed from the magnetic field
(iii) Iron is cheap and readily available
(iv) Iron enhances the strength of electromagnets

(15b)
(i) Total voltage across capacitors: V = V₁ + V₂
(ii) Same charge Q on each capacitor: Q = CV
(iii) Use Q = CV to derive 1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂
(iv) Effective capacitance C = (C₁ × C₂) / (C₁ + C₂)

(15c)
Given:
R = 500 Ω, L = 6 H, f = 60 Hz

(i) Reactance of the inductor:
X_L = 2πfL = 2 × 3.14 × 60 × 6 = 2260.8 Ω

(ii) Impedance:
Z = √(R² + X_L²)
= √(500² + 2260.8²)
= √(250000 + 5109574.6)
= √5359574.6 ≈ 2315Ω
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(16a)
Diffusion is the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

(16b)
Drop a ball bearing into liquids A and B using the same cylinder and stopwatch. The liquid in which the ball falls slower is more viscous.

(16c)
(CHOOSE ANY ONE)
(i) Both x-rays and gamma rays are electromagnetic waves
(ii) Both travel at the speed of light in a vacuum
(iii) Both are used in medical and industrial imaging

(16d)
Given:
f = 2.14 × 10¹⁵ Hz,
h = 6.6 × 10⁻³⁴ Js,
K.E. = 1.09 × 10⁻¹⁸ J

(i) Energy of the photon:
E = hf = 6.6 × 10⁻³⁴ × 2.14 × 10¹⁵ = 1.41 × 10⁻¹⁸ J

(ii) Work function = E – K.E
= 1.41 × 10⁻¹⁸ − 1.09 × 10⁻¹⁸ = 0.32 × 10⁻¹⁸ = 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁹ J
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SECTION A: Objective Questions

1. The SI unit of force is —
   A. Joule
   B. Watt
   C. Newton
   D. Pascal
   Answer: C

2. The distance covered per unit time is —
   A. velocity
   B. acceleration
   C. speed
   D. force
   Answer: C

3. Which of these quantities is vector?
   A. Speed
   B. Distance
   C. Mass
   D. Displacement
   Answer: D

4. What is the instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure?
   A. Barometer
   B. Hydrometer
   C. Manometer
   D. Thermometer
   Answer: A

5. A body at rest has —
   A. kinetic energy
   B. potential energy
   C. work
   D. impulse
   Answer: B

6. Which of the following is a derived unit?
   A. Kilogram
   B. Metre
   C. Newton
   D. Second
   Answer: C

7. The slope of a distance-time graph gives —
   A. acceleration
   B. force
   C. speed
   D. energy
   Answer: C

8. The unit of electric charge is —
   A. Ampere
   B. Coulomb
   C. Volt
   D. Ohm
   Answer: B

9. What type of mirror is used in a car rear-view?
   A. Concave
   B. Plane
   C. Convex
   D. Cylindrical
   Answer: C

10. Heat transfer through a solid is by —
    A. radiation
    B. conduction
    C. convection
    D. absorption
    Answer: B

11. Which law states that pressure is transmitted equally in all directions?
    A. Boyle’s law
    B. Pascal’s principle
    C. Charles’ law
    D. Hooke’s law
    Answer: B

12. Which of these is a non-renewable energy source?
    A. Solar
    B. Wind
    C. Coal
    D. Hydro
    Answer: C

13. The property of a body to resist change in motion is —
    A. momentum
    B. force
    C. inertia
    D. velocity
    Answer: C

14. The unit of work is —
    A. Newton
    B. Joule
    C. Watt
    D. Pascal
    Answer: B

15. An object is in equilibrium when —
    A. net force = 0
    B. net force > 0
    C. net force < 0
    D. acceleration = 0
    Answer: A

16. What is the speed of light in vacuum?
    A. 2.0 × 10^8 m/s
    B. 3.0 × 10^8 m/s
    C. 5.0 × 10^8 m/s
    D. 1.0 × 10^8 m/s
    Answer: B

17. Which instrument measures current?
    A. Voltmeter
    B. Ammeter
    C. Ohmmeter
    D. Galvanometer
    Answer: B

18. The tendency of an object to maintain its state of rest or motion is —
    A. velocity
    B. inertia
    C. acceleration
    D. impulse
    Answer: B

19. What is the unit of power?
    A. Newton
    B. Joule
    C. Watt
    D. Coulomb
    Answer: C

20. Electric current is measured in —
    A. Volt
    B. Ampere
    C. Ohm
    D. Coulomb
    Answer: B

21. Hooke’s law relates —
    A. force and distance
    B. force and extension
    C. mass and volume
    D. pressure and temperature
    Answer: B

22. The force that opposes motion is —
    A. tension
    B. weight
    C. friction
    D. thrust
    Answer: C

23. The energy possessed by a moving object is —
    A. kinetic energy
    B. potential energy
    C. thermal energy
    D. electrical energy
    Answer: A

24. An example of a vector quantity is —
    A. mass
    B. speed
    C. time
    D. velocity
    Answer: D

25. The unit of frequency is —
    A. Joule
    B. Hertz
    C. Newton
    D. Watt
    Answer: B

26. Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
    A. Displacement
    B. Force
    C. Speed
    D. Velocity
    Answer: C

27. The rate of change of velocity is —
    A. speed
    B. momentum
    C. acceleration
    D. displacement
    Answer: C

28. The energy stored in a stretched spring is —
    A. kinetic energy
    B. potential energy
    C. sound energy
    D. chemical energy
    Answer: B

29. The turning effect of a force is —
    A. momentum
    B. impulse
    C. moment
    D. power
    Answer: C

30. The pressure in a liquid increases with —
    A. depth
    B. temperature
    C. volume
    D. area
    Answer: A

31. The ability to do work is —
    A. power
    B. energy
    C. force
    D. pressure
    Answer: B

32. What is the unit of pressure?
    A. Pascal
    B. Newton
    C. Joule
    D. Watt
    Answer: A

33. What is the device used to measure temperature?
    A. Barometer
    B. Hydrometer
    C. Thermometer
    D. Manometer
    Answer: C

34. The upward force acting on an object in fluid is —
    A. tension
    B. thrust
    C. upthrust
    D. friction
    Answer: C

35. Light rays bending when entering a new medium is —
    A. reflection
    B. refraction
    C. diffraction
    D. dispersion
    Answer: B

36. Which of the following is a conductor?
    A. Plastic
    B. Glass
    C. Copper
    D. Wood
    Answer: C

37. An electric cell converts —
    A. light to sound
    B. chemical energy to electrical energy
    C. electrical to mechanical energy
    D. heat to sound
    Answer: B

38. Which law relates voltage, current, and resistance?
    A. Ohm’s law
    B. Hooke’s law
    C. Boyle’s law
    D. Newton’s law
    Answer: A

39. The instrument for measuring potential difference is —
    A. Ammeter
    B. Voltmeter
    C. Ohmmeter
    D. Galvanometer
    Answer: B

40. In series connection of resistors, total resistance is —
    A. sum of reciprocals
    B. product
    C. sum
    D. quotient
    Answer: C

41. What type of lens converges light rays?
    A. Concave
    B. Convex
    C. Plane
    D. Cylindrical
    Answer: B

42. A transformer works on —
    A. direct current
    B. static electricity
    C. alternating current
    D. light energy
    Answer: C

43. Which radiation has no charge?
    A. Alpha
    B. Beta
    C. Gamma
    D. Electron
    Answer: C

44. Which quantity is measured in coulombs?
    A. Current
    B. Voltage
    C. Charge
    D. Resistance
    Answer: C

45. The resistance of a conductor depends on —
    A. its mass only
    B. its length and area
    C. its color
    D. its shape only
    Answer: B

46. Which of the following is used to produce sound?
    A. Diode
    B. Resistor
    C. Speaker
    D. Capacitor
    Answer: C

47. Which color of light has the shortest wavelength?
    A. Red
    B. Blue
    C. Green
    D. Violet
    Answer: D

48. Which wave needs a medium to travel?
    A. Light wave
    B. Sound wave
    C. Radio wave
    D. X-ray
    Answer: B

49. Which device converts sound to electrical signal?
    A. Speaker
    B. Microphone
    C. Bulb
    D. Transformer
    Answer: B

50. Which effect of electric current causes heating?
    A. Magnetic
    B. Chemical
    C. Thermal
    D. Photoelectric
    Answer: C

NECO Physics Objective and Essay Questions and Answers 2025/2026

SECTION B: Essay Questions

Answer any four (4) questions. All questions carry equal marks.

Question 1:
(a) Define force.
(b) State Newton’s three laws of motion with examples.

Question 2:
(a) Explain the difference between speed and velocity.
(b) A car travels 120 km in 2 hours. Calculate its average speed.

Question 3:
(a) State Ohm’s law.
(b) If a resistor has a resistance of 5Ω and the current is 2A, calculate the voltage across it.

Question 4:
(a) What is reflection of light?
(b) State the laws of reflection.
(c) Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate reflection.

Question 5:
(a) Define energy.
(b) State two types of energy and give examples.
(c) State the law of conservation of energy.

Question 6:
(a) Explain conduction, convection, and radiation as modes of heat transfer.
(b) Give one example of each.

NECO 2025/2026 Physics – Essay Section: Model Answers

Question 1

(a) Define force.
Force is a push or pull acting on an object that can cause it to move, stop, or change direction. It is measured in newtons (N).

(b) State Newton’s three laws of motion with examples.

• First Law (Law of Inertia): An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
  Example: A book on a table remains at rest until pushed.

• Second Law: The acceleration of an object is proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. Formula: $F=ma$.
  Example: Pushing a lighter box makes it accelerate more than a heavy box.

• Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
  Example: When you jump off a boat, the boat moves backward.

Question 2

(a) Explain the difference between speed and velocity.

• Speed is the rate at which distance is covered; it is a scalar quantity (no direction).

• Velocity is speed in a specified direction; it is a vector quantity.

(b) A car travels 120 km in 2 hours. Calculate its average speed.

Speed=DistanceTime=120 km2 h=60 km/h\text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}} = \frac{120\text{ km}}{2\text{ h}} = 60\text{ km/h}Speed=TimeDistance​=2 h120 km​=60 km/h

Answer: 60 km/h

Question 3

(a) State Ohm’s law.
Ohm’s law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points, provided the temperature remains constant. Formula:

$$V=IR$$

(b) If a resistor has a resistance of 5Ω and the current is 2A, calculate the voltage across it.

$$V=IR=5\times 2=10\text{ V}$$

Answer: 10 volts

NECO Physics Objective and Essay Questions and Answers 2025/2026

Question 4

(a) What is reflection of light?
Reflection is the bouncing back of light rays when they hit a smooth surface such as a mirror.

(b) State the laws of reflection.

1. The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

2. The incident ray, reflected ray, and the normal all lie in the same plane.

(c) Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate reflection.

Question 5

(a) Define energy.
Energy is the ability to do work. It exists in different forms and can be converted from one form to another.

(b) State two types of energy and give examples.

1. Kinetic Energy: Energy of moving objects. Example: A rolling ball.

2. Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position. Example: Water in a dam.

(c) State the law of conservation of energy.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another. The total energy in a closed system remains constant.

Question 6

(a) Explain conduction, convection, and radiation as modes of heat transfer.

• Conduction: Transfer of heat through direct contact in solids. Heat flows from hotter to cooler parts.
  Example: Heating one end of a metal rod.

• Convection: Transfer of heat by movement of fluids (liquids or gases). Warmer, less dense fluid rises while cooler, denser fluid sinks.
  Example: Boiling water.

• Radiation: Transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves without needing a medium.
  Example: Heat from the sun reaching the earth.

(b) Give one example of each.

• Conduction: Cooking with a metal spoon in a hot pot.

• Convection: Warm air rising in a room.

• Radiation: Feeling heat from a fire without touching it.