Proposed 2026 WAEC Fashion Design & Garment Making 3 (Alternative to Practical Work) Questions and Answers

Proposed 2026 WAEC Fashio</strong>n Design &amp; Garment Making 3 (Alternative to Practical Work) Questions and Answers

PAPER 3

ALTERNATIVE TO PRACTICAL WORK

Time Allowed: 2 Hours 30 Minutes

Full Marks: 100

Instructions to Candidates

1. Answer all questions.
2. Read each question carefully before answering.
3. Sketches should be neat, properly labeled and proportionate.
4. Show all calculations where measurements are required.
5. Credit will be given for accuracy, presentation, correct fashion terminology and logical arrangement of answers.

QUESTION 1

A fashion house has received an order to produce a short-sleeved blouse for a customer with the following measurements:

(a)

State four tools required for taking the above measurements.

Answer

1. Tape measure
2. Tailor’s chalk
3. Pattern paper
4. Pencil

(b)

Explain the procedure for taking the bust measurement.

Answer

• Place the tape measure around the fullest part of the bust.
• Ensure the tape passes under the armpits.
• Keep the tape parallel to the floor.
• Do not pull the tape too tightly.
• Record the measurement accurately.

(c)

List six steps involved in constructing the blouse.

Answer

1. Taking measurements.
2. Drafting the pattern.
3. Laying pattern on fabric.
4. Cutting fabric pieces.
5. Sewing garment sections.
6. Finishing and pressing.

(d)

Mention four finishing processes that can be applied to the blouse.

Answer

1. Hemming.
2. Pressing.
3. Trimming loose threads.
4. Attaching buttons.

QUESTION 2

Study the specimen below:

Specimen A

Plain woven cotton fabric

(a)

Identify Specimen A.

Answer

Cotton fabric.

(b)

State four characteristics of cotton fabric.

Answer

1. Absorbent.
2. Comfortable.
3. Durable.
4. Breathable.

(c)

Mention five uses of cotton fabric.

Answer

1. School uniforms.
2. Shirts.
3. Dresses.
4. Bed sheets.
5. Children’s wear.

(d)

State four advantages of cotton fabric.

Answer

1. Easy to wash.
2. Comfortable in hot weather.
3. Strong and durable.
4. Absorbs moisture well.

QUESTION 3

Specimen B

Industrial sewing machine

(a)

State five parts of the sewing machine.

Answer

1. Needle.
2. Presser foot.
3. Bobbin.
4. Hand wheel.
5. Spool pin.

(b)

Explain the function of each part identified above.

Answer

Needle

Carries thread through fabric.

Presser Foot

Holds fabric firmly during stitching.

Bobbin

Supplies lower thread.

Hand Wheel

Controls machine movement manually.

Spool Pin

Holds upper thread spool.

(c)

State six rules for maintaining a sewing machine.

Answer

1. Clean after use.
2. Oil regularly.
3. Cover when not in use.
4. Replace blunt needles.
5. Tighten loose screws.
6. Service periodically.

QUESTION 4

A customer requests a skirt design.

(a)

List six body measurements required for drafting a basic skirt.

Answer

1. Waist.
2. Hip.
3. Waist-to-hip length.
4. Skirt length.
5. Waist circumference.
6. Hip circumference.

(b)

Explain the importance of accurate measurements.

Answer

1. Ensures proper fit.
2. Prevents fabric wastage.
3. Improves garment appearance.
4. Reduces alteration costs.
5. Enhances customer satisfaction.

(c)

State four common defects resulting from inaccurate measurements.

Answer

1. Tight garment.
2. Loose garment.
3. Poor fitting.
4. Distorted shape.

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QUESTION 5

Garment Decoration

(a)

Mention six methods of decorating garments.

Answer

1. Embroidery.
2. Appliqué.
3. Beading.
4. Fabric painting.
5. Tie and dye.
6. Sequins attachment.

(b)

Describe any three methods listed above.

Answer

Embroidery

Decorating fabric using decorative stitches.

Appliqué

Attaching fabric shapes onto another fabric.

Beading

Decorating garments with beads.

(c)

State four advantages of garment decoration.

Answer

1. Enhances beauty.
2. Increases market value.
3. Improves uniqueness.
4. Attracts customers.

QUESTION 6

Clothing Care and Maintenance

(a)

Outline six steps involved in laundering clothes.

Answer

1. Sorting clothes.
2. Soaking.
3. Washing.
4. Rinsing.
5. Drying.
6. Ironing.

(b)

State five reasons for proper clothing care.

Answer

1. Increases durability.
2. Maintains appearance.
3. Prevents damage.
4. Promotes hygiene.
5. Saves money.

(c)

Mention four storage methods for garments.

Answer

1. Hanging.
2. Folding.
3. Wardrobe storage.
4. Drawer storage.

QUESTION 7

Examiner’s Advanced Alternative-to-Practical Question

A fashion designer intends to produce 20 school uniforms.

Each uniform requires:

• 2.5 metres of fabric.
• Fabric costs ₦3,500 per metre.
• Buttons cost ₦300 per uniform.
• Thread costs ₦200 per uniform.

(a)

Calculate the total fabric required.

Answer

$$20\times 2.5=50\text{ metres}$$

Total Fabric = 50 metres

(b)

Calculate the total cost of fabric.

Answer

$$50\times ₦3,500=₦175,000$$

Fabric Cost = ₦175,000

(c)

Calculate total button cost.

Answer

$$20\times ₦300=₦6,000$$

Button Cost = ₦6,000

(d)

Calculate total thread cost.

Answer

$$20\times ₦200=₦4,000$$

Thread Cost = ₦4,000

(e)

Determine the total production cost.

Answer

$$₦175,000+₦6,000+₦4,000$$ $$=₦185,000$$

Total Production Cost = ₦185,000

WAEC Practical Examiner’s Likely Areas for 2026

Candidates should pay special attention to:

1. Pattern drafting calculations.
2. Body measurement procedures.
3. Sewing machine parts and functions.
4. Fabric identification.
5. Garment construction processes.
6. Decorative techniques.
7. Clothing care and maintenance.
8. Fashion illustration.
9. Textile fibres and properties.
10. Garment costing and production planning.

These are among the most frequently tested practical and alternative-to-practical areas in Fashion Design and Garment Making examinations.

PAPER 2

ESSAY QUESTIONS

Time Allowed: 1 Hour 30 Minutes

Instructions to Candidates

1. Answer five questions only.
2. All questions carry equal marks.
3. Illustrate your answers with sketches where necessary.
4. Credit will be given for correct fashion terminology and neat presentation.

QUESTION 1

Explain the importance of fashion design and garment making in national development.

ANSWER

Fashion design and garment making involve the creation, construction and production of clothing and fashion accessories.

Importance

1. Creates employment opportunities.
2. Encourages entrepreneurship.
3. Generates income.
4. Promotes cultural identity.
5. Reduces dependence on imported clothing.
6. Contributes to industrial development.
7. Supports textile industries.
8. Enhances creativity and innovation.

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QUESTION 2

Discuss six sewing tools and state their uses.

ANSWER

Tape Measure

Used for taking body measurements.

Dressmaking Shears

Used for cutting fabrics.

Pins

Used for holding fabric pieces temporarily.

Thimble

Protects the finger during sewing.

Seam Ripper

Used for removing unwanted stitches.

Tailor’s Chalk

Used for marking fabrics.

These tools are essential for accuracy and efficiency in garment construction.

QUESTION 3

Explain the stages involved in garment construction.

ANSWER

1. Taking Measurements

Accurate body measurements are obtained.

2. Pattern Drafting

Patterns are developed according to measurements.

3. Fabric Layout

Patterns are placed on fabric.

4. Cutting

Fabric pieces are cut carefully.

5. Sewing

Fabric pieces are joined together.

6. Fitting

Garment is checked on the wearer.

7. Finishing

Hemming, pressing and trimming are completed.

QUESTION 4

Discuss five natural fibres and five synthetic fibres used in garment production.

ANSWER

Natural Fibres

1. Cotton
2. Wool
3. Silk
4. Linen
5. Hemp

Characteristics

• Comfortable
• Absorbent
• Breathable

Synthetic Fibres

1. Nylon
2. Polyester
3. Acrylic
4. Rayon
5. Spandex

Characteristics

• Durable
• Wrinkle resistant
• Easy to maintain

QUESTION 5

Explain the principles of fashion design.

ANSWER

Balance

Creates stability in design.

Harmony

Ensures all design elements work together.

Proportion

Maintains correct relationship among garment parts.

Emphasis

Creates focal points.

Rhythm

Produces movement within design.

Unity

Ensures overall design consistency.

These principles help designers create attractive and functional garments.

QUESTION 6

Describe proper care and maintenance of sewing machines.

ANSWER

1. Clean machine after use.
2. Oil moving parts regularly.
3. Protect machine from dust.
4. Replace damaged needles.
5. Service machine periodically.
6. Store properly after use.
7. Avoid overloading the machine.
8. Follow manufacturer’s instructions.

Proper maintenance increases machine lifespan and improves sewing quality.

QUESTION 7

Explain five methods of decorating garments.

ANSWER

Embroidery

Decorative stitching on fabric.

Appliqué

Attaching decorative fabric pieces.

Beading

Using beads for decoration.

Tie and Dye

Creating patterns through dyeing techniques.

Fabric Painting

Applying artistic designs with fabric paints.

These methods improve garment appearance and value.

QUESTION 8

Discuss the importance of clothing care and storage.

ANSWER

Importance of Clothing Care

1. Increases garment lifespan.
2. Maintains appearance.
3. Prevents fabric damage.
4. Promotes personal hygiene.
5. Saves replacement costs.

Proper Storage Methods

1. Keep clothes in dry places.
2. Use hangers where necessary.
3. Fold garments neatly.
4. Protect clothing from insects.
5. Store clean garments only.

Proper clothing care ensures durability, cleanliness and professional appearance.