2026 NECO Objective & Essay Computer Hardware and GSM Repairs Examination Questions and Answers

2026 NECO Objective & Essay Computer Hardware and GSM Repairs Examination Questions and Answers

Paper I – Objective Test (Questions 1–30)

Instructions: Choose the option that best answers each question.

1. Computer hardware refers to the

A. programs installed on a computer

B. physical components of a computer system

C. internet services

D. operating system only

Answer: B

2. Which of the following is the main circuit board of a computer?

A. Hard disk

B. Motherboard

C. Monitor

D. Keyboard

Answer: B

3. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is commonly referred to as the

A. storage device

B. brain of the computer

C. cooling system

D. display unit

Answer: B

4. Which computer component temporarily stores data currently being processed?

A. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

B. Read Only Memory (ROM)

C. Random Access Memory (RAM)

D. DVD Drive

Answer: C

5. ROM is primarily used to

A. store temporary files

B. store permanent startup instructions

C. display graphics

D. connect to the internet

Answer: B

6. The BIOS is responsible for

A. editing documents

B. performing hardware initialization during startup

C. connecting to social media

D. playing multimedia files

Answer: B

7. CMOS stores

A. user photographs

B. BIOS configuration settings

C. application software

D. movies

Answer: B

8. Which component supplies electrical power to all computer hardware?

A. Heat sink

B. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

C. Motherboard

D. RAM

Answer: B

9. Which storage device has no moving mechanical parts?

A. Floppy Disk

B. HDD

C. SSD

D. CD-ROM

Answer: C

10. Which connector is commonly used for modern SATA hard drives?

A. IDE

B. SATA

C. VGA

D. PS/2

Answer: B

11. A heat sink is mainly used to

A. increase RAM size

B. cool the processor

C. improve internet speed

D. increase monitor brightness

Answer: B

12. Thermal paste is applied between the CPU and the heat sink to

A. improve sound quality

B. enhance heat transfer

C. increase storage capacity

D. improve network speed

Answer: B

13. Which tool is commonly used to tighten computer screws?

A. Hammer

B. Phillips screwdriver

C. Chisel

D. Spanner

Answer: B

14. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can

A. improve computer performance

B. damage sensitive electronic components

C. increase battery life

D. speed up internet browsing

Answer: B

2026 NECO Objective & Essay Computer Hardware and GSM Repairs Examination Questions and Answers

15. An anti-static wrist strap is worn to

A. improve grip

B. prevent electrostatic discharge

C. measure voltage

D. improve typing speed

Answer: B

16. Which expansion slot is commonly used for modern graphics cards?

A. PCI Express (PCIe)

B. ISA

C. AGP only

D. PS/2

Answer: A

17. Which device is used to test electrical voltage in computer repairs?

A. Compass

B. Multimeter

C. Thermometer

D. Barometer

Answer: B

18. One symptom of faulty RAM is

A. clear video display

B. repeated system beeps during startup

C. faster internet connection

D. louder speakers

Answer: B

19. Preventive maintenance includes

A. ignoring dust accumulation

B. regular cleaning and inspection of hardware

C. exposing components to moisture

D. disconnecting cooling fans

Answer: B

20. Which component stores the operating system permanently?

A. RAM

B. Hard Disk Drive or SSD

C. Cache memory

D. CPU register

Answer: B

21. Which of the following is an input device?

A. Monitor

B. Printer

C. Keyboard

D. Speaker

Answer: C

22. Which output device displays visual information?

A. Scanner

B. Monitor

C. Mouse

D. Microphone

Answer: B

23. The process of identifying the cause of a hardware problem is known as

A. formatting

B. troubleshooting

C. downloading

D. networking

Answer: B

24. Which software is installed first after assembling a new computer?

A. Antivirus only

B. Operating System

C. Games

D. Web browser

Answer: B

25. A blue screen error (BSOD) is often associated with

A. hardware or driver problems

B. printer paper jam

C. internet subscription

D. monitor brightness

Answer: A

26. Which of the following is used to connect a computer to a network?

A. NIC (Network Interface Card)

B. Speaker

C. Webcam

D. UPS

Answer: A

27. UPS stands for

A. Universal Processing System

B. Uninterruptible Power Supply

C. Unified Program Service

D. Universal Peripheral System

Answer: B

28. One function of a UPS is to

A. increase internet speed

B. provide temporary backup power during outages

C. improve graphics quality

D. cool the processor

Answer: B

29. Which storage device generally provides faster boot times?

A. HDD

B. SSD

C. DVD

D. Floppy Disk

Answer: B

30. Which of the following should always be done before opening a computer system unit?

A. Install new software

B. Disconnect power from the computer

C. Increase monitor brightness

D. Connect to the internet

Answer: B

31. GSM stands for

A. Global System for Mobile Communications

B. General Service Machine

C. Global Satellite Management

D. General Software Module

Answer: A

32. A SIM card is primarily used to

A. increase battery capacity

B. identify and authenticate a subscriber on a mobile network

C. improve screen brightness

D. cool the processor

Answer: B

33. Which component supplies electrical power to a mobile phone?

A. Speaker

B. Battery

C. SIM tray

D. Camera

Answer: B

34. The charging port of a smartphone is used to

A. improve camera quality

B. recharge the battery and transfer data

C. increase storage space

D. improve network coverage

Answer: B

35. A cracked phone screen usually requires replacement of the

A. SIM card

B. LCD or touchscreen assembly

C. Battery

D. Camera lens only

Answer: B

36. Which tool is commonly used to open modern smartphones without damaging the casing?

A. Hammer

B. Plastic opening pick

C. Chisel

D. Adjustable spanner

Answer: B

2026 NECO Objective & Essay Computer Hardware and GSM Repairs Examination Questions and Answers

37. A precision screwdriver set is mainly used for

A. painting circuit boards

B. removing and tightening tiny screws

C. charging batteries

D. testing speakers

Answer: B

38. Which device is commonly used to measure battery voltage?

A. Thermometer

B. Multimeter

C. Ruler

D. Compass

Answer: B

39. A swollen mobile phone battery should be

A. punctured to release pressure

B. replaced immediately and disposed of safely

C. immersed in water

D. reused after charging

Answer: B

40. A phone that fails to charge may have a faulty

A. charging port

B. wallpaper

C. ringtone

D. screen protector

Answer: A

41. Which component allows users to hear incoming calls?

A. Microphone

B. Earpiece speaker

C. Charging port

D. Vibrator motor

Answer: B

42. The microphone in a mobile phone is used to

A. receive radio signals

B. capture the user’s voice during calls and recordings

C. display images

D. increase storage

Answer: B

43. If callers cannot hear your voice, the most likely faulty component is the

A. loudspeaker

B. microphone

C. display

D. camera

Answer: B

44. Which of the following may cause poor network reception?

A. Faulty antenna or RF section

B. Low screen brightness

C. Damaged charger

D. Corrupt ringtone

Answer: A

45. IMEI stands for

A. International Mobile Equipment Identity

B. Internal Memory Expansion Interface

C. International Machine Engineering Index

D. Integrated Mobile Electronic Input

Answer: A

46. Firmware flashing is carried out mainly to

A. repair or reinstall a phone’s operating software

B. increase screen size

C. replace the battery

D. repair the camera lens

Answer: A

47. Before flashing a phone, it is advisable to

A. remove all screws permanently

B. back up important user data

C. break the screen lock manually

D. disconnect the battery permanently

Answer: B

48. Which software problem may require flashing?

A. Boot loop

B. Broken screen

C. Damaged charging port

D. Faulty speaker

Answer: A

49. Water-damaged phones should first be

A. connected to a charger immediately

B. switched off and dried before inspection

C. immersed in hot water

D. placed in direct sunlight for several hours

Answer: B

50. Corrosion caused by water damage can affect

A. only the phone casing

B. internal electronic components

C. SIM card colour only

D. wallpaper settings

Answer: B

51. Which safety practice should always be observed when repairing mobile phones?

A. Work with wet hands

B. Disconnect power before repairs

C. Use damaged tools

D. Leave screws loose after repair

Answer: B

52. One function of a hot air rework station is to

A. print documents

B. remove or solder surface-mounted electronic components

C. recharge batteries directly

D. measure current

Answer: B

53. Soldering is the process of

A. cleaning the phone screen

B. joining electronic components using molten solder

C. formatting memory cards

D. installing applications

Answer: B

2026 NECO Objective & Essay Computer Hardware and GSM Repairs Examination Questions and Answers

54. Which personal protective equipment helps protect the eyes during repair work?

A. Safety goggles

B. Slippers

C. Wristwatch

D. Face towel

Answer: A

55. Which of the following is an important preventive maintenance practice for computers?

A. Blocking ventilation openings

B. Cleaning dust from cooling fans regularly

C. Pouring water into cooling vents

D. Running the computer without a heat sink

Answer: B

56. A laptop that overheats frequently may require

A. cleaning of the cooling fan and replacement of thermal paste

B. changing the wallpaper

C. replacing the keyboard only

D. increasing screen brightness

Answer: A

57. Which storage device is commonly used in modern smartphones?

A. Magnetic tape

B. Flash memory

C. Compact disc

D. Floppy disk

Answer: B

58. Which repair practice helps avoid mixing up screws during disassembly?

A. Throwing all screws into one container

B. Arranging screws according to their positions in labeled containers or a magnetic mat

C. Discarding removed screws

D. Reusing damaged screws

Answer: B

59. Customer data should always be

A. deleted before repair without permission

B. treated as confidential and protected during repairs

C. copied for personal use

D. shared with other technicians

Answer: B

60. A successful computer and GSM repair technician should possess

A. technical competence, honesty, patience, and good customer service skills

B. only physical strength

C. only marketing skills

D. only computer programming skills

Answer: A

Paper II – Essay Questions

Instructions

• Answer Question 1 (Compulsory) and any four other questions.
• Write your answers clearly and support them with relevant diagrams where necessary.
• Show practical procedures in logical sequence.

Question 1 (Compulsory)

(a) Define computer hardware.

(b) State and explain five major internal components of a desktop computer.

(c) Explain five safety precautions that should be observed when assembling or repairing a computer.

Model Answer

(a) Definition of Computer Hardware

Computer hardware refers to all the physical and tangible parts of a computer system that can be seen and touched. These components work together with software to receive data, process information, store data, and produce meaningful output. Examples include the motherboard, processor, memory modules, storage devices, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and power supply unit.

Computer hardware forms the foundation of every computer system because software cannot function without the hardware on which it operates.

(b) Five Major Internal Components of a Desktop Computer

1. Motherboard

The motherboard is the main printed circuit board that connects and supports all major hardware components of the computer. It contains sockets, expansion slots, chipsets, and communication pathways that allow components such as the CPU, RAM, storage devices, and expansion cards to communicate efficiently.

Functions include:

• Connecting all hardware devices.
• Providing communication pathways between components.
• Housing expansion slots and ports.
• Supplying electrical connections to attached devices.

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is the brain of the computer. It performs calculations, processes instructions, and controls all computer operations. Every command issued by software is executed by the processor.

Major functions include:

• Performing arithmetic operations.
• Executing program instructions.
• Controlling data flow within the computer.
• Coordinating communication between hardware components.

Examples include Intel Core processors and AMD Ryzen processors.

3. Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM is the computer’s temporary working memory. It stores programs and data currently being used by the processor.

Characteristics include:

• Temporary (volatile) storage.
• Faster access than hard drives.
• Contents are erased when power is switched off.
• Improves system speed and multitasking performance.

4. Storage Drive (HDD or SSD)

Storage devices permanently store the operating system, application software, and user files.

Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) use magnetic disks, while Solid State Drives (SSDs) use flash memory.

Advantages of SSDs include:

• Faster boot time.
• Lower power consumption.
• Silent operation.
• Better resistance to physical shock.

5. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

The Power Supply Unit converts alternating current (AC) from the mains electricity supply into direct current (DC) required by the computer components.

Functions include:

• Supplying regulated power to hardware.
• Protecting components from voltage fluctuations.
• Distributing power through different connectors.

(c) Five Safety Precautions During Computer Repair

1. Disconnect Electrical Power

Always switch off the computer and unplug it from the power source before opening the system unit. This helps prevent electric shock and protects sensitive components from accidental short circuits.

2. Use an Anti-Static Wrist Strap

Electronic components such as RAM, CPUs, and motherboards can be damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD). Wearing an anti-static wrist strap safely discharges static electricity from the technician’s body.

3. Use the Correct Tools

Technicians should use precision screwdrivers, plastic opening tools, and other appropriate equipment. Using unsuitable tools may damage screws, connectors, or delicate electronic parts.

4. Keep the Work Area Clean and Organized

A clean workspace reduces the risk of losing small screws, contaminating components with dust, or causing accidental damage. Good organization also improves efficiency during repairs.

5. Handle Components Carefully

Computer parts should be held by their edges rather than touching electronic contacts or chips directly. Excessive force should never be applied when inserting or removing components.

Conclusion

Proper knowledge of computer hardware and strict adherence to safety procedures enable technicians to assemble, troubleshoot, and repair computers efficiently while minimizing the risk of equipment damage or personal injury.

2026 NECO Objective & Essay Computer Hardware and GSM Repairs Examination Questions and Answers

Question 2

Explain the step-by-step procedure for assembling a desktop computer from individual components.

Model Answer

Introduction

Computer assembly involves installing and connecting individual hardware components to build a fully functional computer system. Proper assembly ensures reliable operation and simplifies future maintenance.

Step 1: Prepare the Work Area

Before beginning:

• Work on a clean, flat surface.
• Ensure adequate lighting.
• Wear an anti-static wrist strap.
• Gather all required tools and components.

Step 2: Install the CPU

Open the CPU socket on the motherboard, align the processor correctly using the orientation marks, gently place it into the socket without applying force, and secure the locking mechanism.

Step 3: Apply Thermal Paste

Apply a small amount of thermal paste to the center of the processor if it is not pre-applied on the cooler. This improves heat transfer between the CPU and the heat sink.

Step 4: Install the CPU Cooler

Position the heat sink over the processor, secure it according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and connect the cooling fan cable to the CPU fan header on the motherboard.

Step 5: Install RAM Modules

Open the retaining clips on the memory slots, align the notch on each RAM module with the slot, and press firmly until the clips lock into place.

Step 6: Mount the Motherboard

Install motherboard standoffs inside the computer case, position the motherboard carefully, align it with the I/O shield, and secure it using the appropriate screws.

Step 7: Install the Power Supply Unit (PSU)

Fit the PSU into its designated compartment in the computer case and secure it with screws. Ensure the fan orientation allows proper airflow.

Step 8: Install Storage Devices

Mount the HDD or SSD in the appropriate drive bay. Connect SATA data cables to the motherboard and SATA power cables from the PSU.

Step 9: Install Expansion Cards

Insert graphics cards, network cards, or other expansion cards into the correct PCI Express slots and secure them with screws.

Step 10: Connect Internal Cables

Connect:

• 24-pin motherboard power connector.
• CPU power connector.
• SATA power cables.
• Front panel connectors.
• USB headers.
• Audio connectors.
• Cooling fan cables.

Step 11: Perform Cable Management

Arrange cables neatly using cable ties to improve airflow and make future maintenance easier.

Step 12: Test the System

Before closing the case:

• Connect the monitor, keyboard, and mouse.
• Switch on the computer.
• Enter the BIOS/UEFI setup.
• Confirm that the CPU, RAM, and storage devices are detected correctly.

Step 13: Install the Operating System

Install a compatible operating system, device drivers, and essential software. Perform updates and verify that all hardware functions correctly.

Conclusion

Following a systematic assembly procedure helps ensure the computer operates reliably, reduces installation errors, and simplifies troubleshooting.

Question 3

A customer brings in a smartphone that does not charge properly.

Explain the possible causes of the fault and describe the diagnostic and repair procedures you would follow.

Model Answer

Introduction

A charging fault is one of the most common problems encountered in GSM phone repair. The fault may result from hardware failure, software issues, power supply problems, or user-related causes. A technician should follow a logical diagnostic process before replacing any component.

Possible Causes of Charging Failure

Faulty Charger or USB Cable

A defective charger or damaged charging cable may fail to deliver the required voltage and current to the phone. The technician should first test the phone with a known-good charger and cable.

Damaged Charging Port

Frequent insertion and removal of charging cables can loosen or damage the charging port. Dust, corrosion, or broken connector pins may also prevent proper electrical contact.

Faulty Battery

A worn-out, swollen, or internally damaged battery may no longer accept or retain a charge. Battery health should be checked using a multimeter or battery testing equipment.

Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC) Failure

The PMIC regulates power distribution within the phone. A faulty PMIC can prevent the battery from charging even when the charger and charging port are functioning correctly.

Software or Firmware Issues

Corrupted system software or firmware may interfere with charging detection. Updating or reinstalling the phone’s firmware may resolve such problems after hardware faults have been ruled out.

Diagnostic Procedure

1. Perform a visual inspection of the phone for signs of physical damage, corrosion, or debris in the charging port.
2. Test the charger and USB cable with another compatible device.
3. Check the charging port for loose connections or damaged pins.
4. Measure the battery voltage using a digital multimeter.
5. Test the charging current using a USB power meter if available.
6. Inspect the internal charging circuit and connectors after opening the device safely.
7. Verify whether the battery is recognized by the phone and monitor charging indicators.
8. Rule out software faults by restarting the device, checking charging settings, or reinstalling firmware where appropriate.

Repair Procedure

• Clean the charging port carefully using appropriate tools and compressed air.
• Replace a damaged charging cable or charger.
• Replace a faulty or swollen battery with a compatible new battery.
• Repair or replace the charging port if it is loose, damaged, or corroded.
• Repair damaged tracks or solder joints on the charging circuit using suitable soldering equipment.
• Replace faulty charging ICs or PMIC components where diagnosis confirms component failure.
• Update or flash the device firmware if the fault is software-related.
• After completing repairs, test the phone by charging it to confirm stable charging performance and normal battery operation.

Conclusion

Successful repair of charging faults requires systematic diagnosis, proper testing equipment, safe repair techniques, and verification of the repair before returning the device to the customer.