NECO 2025/2026 Biology Objective and Essay Questions and Answers
NECO 2025/2026 Biology Objective and Essay Questions and Answers
NECO 2025/2026 Biology – Objective & Essay
SECTION A: Objective Questions (1–50)
Instructions: Choose the correct option A–D that best answers each question.
NECO 2025/2026 Biology Objective and Essay Questions and Answers
-
The basic unit of life is the —
A. tissue
B. cell
C. organ
D. organelle
Answer: B -
Which of these is not a characteristic of living things?
A. Growth
B. Respiration
C. Photosynthesis
D. Reproduction
Answer: C -
The part of the microscope that regulates light intensity is the —
A. objective lens
B. mirror
C. diaphragm
D. eyepiece
Answer: C -
A plant cell can be distinguished from an animal cell by the presence of —
A. cell membrane
B. nucleus
C. chloroplast
D. mitochondria
Answer: C -
Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Nucleus
D. Golgi apparatus
Answer: B -
The process by which green plants manufacture food is —
A. transpiration
B. respiration
C. photosynthesis
D. fermentation
Answer: C -
The loss of water vapour from the surface of a leaf is called —
A. osmosis
B. transpiration
C. evaporation
D. condensation
Answer: B -
The movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration is —
A. osmosis
B. diffusion
C. transpiration
D. active transport
Answer: B -
Which of the following is not a component of blood?
A. Plasma
B. Platelets
C. Lymph
D. Red blood cells
Answer: C -
The blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart is the —
A. vein
B. artery
C. capillary
D. venule
Answer: B -
The major excretory organ in humans is the —
A. skin
B. lungs
C. kidney
D. liver
Answer: C -
The functional unit of the kidney is the —
A. nephron
B. glomerulus
C. tubule
D. cortex
Answer: A -
Which of these is a vector of malaria?
A. Culex mosquito
B. Tsetse fly
C. Anopheles mosquito
D. Blackfly
Answer: C -
The part of the brain that controls involuntary actions is the —
A. cerebrum
B. medulla oblongata
C. cerebellum
D. thalamus
Answer: B -
The longest bone in the human body is the —
A. tibia
B. humerus
C. femur
D. fibula
Answer: C -
Which of the following is not a class of food?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Enzyme
D. Fat
Answer: C -
The enzyme that breaks down starch is —
A. lipase
B. maltase
C. amylase
D. pepsin
Answer: C -
The part of the digestive system where most digestion occurs is the —
A. stomach
B. liver
C. small intestine
D. large intestine
Answer: C -
The hormone responsible for the regulation of blood sugar is —
A. insulin
B. adrenaline
C. thyroxine
D. progesterone
Answer: A -
The main product of photosynthesis is —
A. oxygen
B. water
C. glucose
D. carbon dioxide
Answer: C -
The process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment is —
A. metabolism
B. photosynthesis
C. homeostasis
D. excretion
Answer: C -
Which of the following organisms reproduces by binary fission?
A. Hydra
B. Amoeba
C. Earthworm
D. Paramecium
Answer: B -
Which part of the flower develops into the fruit?
A. Anther
B. Ovule
C. Ovary
D. Style
Answer: C -
The male gamete in plants is found in the —
A. ovary
B. pollen grain
C. sepal
D. stigma
Answer: B -
In a food chain, which of the following is a producer?
A. Goat
B. Grass
C. Lion
D. Vulture
Answer: B -
The habitat of a fish is —
A. aerial
B. terrestrial
C. aquatic
D. arboreal
Answer: C -
The soil type with the highest water retention is —
A. clay
B. loamy
C. sandy
D. gravel
Answer: A -
The part of the brain responsible for balance and posture is the —
A. medulla
B. cerebrum
C. cerebellum
D. spinal cord
Answer: C -
Which of the following diseases is not caused by bacteria?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Cholera
C. Malaria
D. Typhoid
Answer: C -
Which of these organisms is a saprophyte?
A. Amoeba
B. Mushroom
C. Algae
D. Fern
Answer: B -
Which of the following is not an excretory product in plants?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Water
D. Urea
Answer: D -
Which of these animals undergoes metamorphosis?
A. Cow
B. Frog
C. Cat
D. Lizard
Answer: B -
The process of shedding old skin in reptiles is called —
A. moulting
B. mutation
C. regeneration
D. reproduction
Answer: A -
Which organ helps a fish to maintain its buoyancy in water?
A. Fin
B. Scale
C. Swim bladder
D. Operculum
Answer: C -
In humans, fertilization normally takes place in the —
A. uterus
B. ovary
C. fallopian tube
D. cervix
Answer: C -
The function of the large intestine is mainly —
A. digestion of proteins
B. absorption of water
C. absorption of nutrients
D. storage of bile
Answer: B -
In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere through —
A. photosynthesis
B. nitrogen fixation
C. denitrification
D. nitrification
Answer: C -
The living part of an ecosystem is referred to as —
A. abiotic
B. biotic
C. edaphic
D. climatic
Answer: B -
Which of the following organisms has a hydroskeleton?
A. Earthworm
B. Housefly
C. Cockroach
D. Toad
Answer: A -
The most important factor that controls population size is —
A. mutation
B. migration
C. disease
D. food availability
Answer: D -
The relationship in which both organisms benefit is called —
A. parasitism
B. mutualism
C. commensalism
D. predation
Answer: B -
A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding is called a —
A. kingdom
B. phylum
C. class
D. species
Answer: D -
The reproductive part of a flowering plant is the —
A. leaf
B. root
C. flower
D. stem
Answer: C -
The main function of the xylem in a plant is to transport —
A. food
B. enzymes
C. water
D. hormones
Answer: C -
One of these is a respiratory organ in insects —
A. spiracle
B. lung
C. gill
D. skin
Answer: A -
The structural unit of inheritance is —
A. chromosome
B. gene
C. DNA
D. gamete
Answer: B -
The number of chromosomes in human gametes is —
A. 23
B. 46
C. 92
D. 22
Answer: A -
Which of these is a discontinuous variation?
A. Height
B. Skin colour
C. Blood group
D. Weight
Answer: C -
The science of classification of organisms is called —
A. taxonomy
B. physiology
C. anatomy
D. ecology
Answer: A -
In photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by —
A. roots
B. xylem
C. chlorophyll
D. glucose
Answer: C
NECO 2025/2026 Biology Objective and Essay Questions and Answers
SECTION B: Essay (Theory) Questions
Answer any four (4) questions. All questions carry equal marks.
Question 1
(a) Define the following terms:
(i) Photosynthesis
(ii) Osmosis
(iii) Diffusion
(b) Outline four importance of photosynthesis.
Question 2
(a) List three components of the mammalian blood.
(b) State four functions of blood in the human body.
(c) Draw and label a red blood cell.
Question 3
(a) What is a food chain?
(b) Construct a food chain with four organisms.
(c) Mention two differences between a food chain and a food web.
NECO 2025/2026 Biology Objective and Essay Questions and Answers
Question 4
(a) List four agents of pollination.
(b) State three differences between self and cross pollination.
(c) Mention three characteristics of wind-pollinated flowers.
Question 5
(a) Define respiration.
(b) List three differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
(c) State three characteristics of living things.
Question 6
(a) What are communicable diseases?
(b) Mention three examples and their causative organisms.
(c) List four methods of preventing communicable diseases.