WAEC GCE Geography Paper 1/2 and 3 Questions and Answers 2025

WAEC GCE Geography Paper 1/2 and 3 Questions and Answers 2025

GEOGRAPHY 1 (OBJECTIVE) – 60 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

INSTRUCTIONS:

Answer all questions. Choose the most appropriate option.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (1–60)

1. The Earth is slightly flattened at the poles because of
   A. revolution
   B. rotation
   C. precession
   D. inclination
   Answer: B

2. Lines drawn on maps to show equal temperature are called
   A. isobars
   B. isotherms
   C. isoheights
   D. isotopes
   Answer: B

3. Which of the following best describes a plateau?
   A. A lowland with marshy surface
   B. A highland with flat top
   C. A valley between mountains
   D. A hillside with steep slope
   Answer: B

4. A compass is used for determining
   A. time
   B. distance
   C. direction
   D. scale
   Answer: C

5. The instrument for measuring humidity is
   A. anemometer
   B. hygrometer
   C. thermometer
   D. barometer
   Answer: B

6. Longitude 0° is known as
   A. Tropic of Cancer
   B. Equator
   C. Greenwich Meridian
   D. International Date Line
   Answer: C

7. The process of depositing transported materials is
   A. erosion
   B. weathering
   C. denudation
   D. deposition
   Answer: D

8. Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock?
   A. Limestone
   B. Basalt
   C. Marble
   D. Slate
   Answer: B

9. A region with rainfall below 250 mm annually is known as
   A. desert
   B. tropical rainforest
   C. savanna
   D. tundra
   Answer: A

10. Land breeze occurs
    A. during daytime
    B. at night
    C. during rainfall
    D. during harmattan
    Answer: B

11. Which of these is a characteristic of a river’s upper course?
    A. Meanders
    B. Waterfalls
    C. Deltas
    D. Flood plains
    Answer: B

12. The main factor influencing climate is
    A. vegetation
    B. soil
    C. latitude
    D. wildlife
    Answer: C

13. Cloud type associated with thunderstorms
    A. Cirrus
    B. Stratus
    C. Nimbus
    D. Cumulonimbus
    Answer: D

14. The cold ocean current off the coast of West Africa is the
    A. Canaries Current
    B. Kuroshio Current
    C. Benguela Current
    D. Labrador Current
    Answer: A

15. The natural vegetation of the Mediterranean region is
    A. rainforest
    B. taiga
    C. scrub and short bushes
    D. savanna grassland
    Answer: C

16. A navigable river must be
    A. shallow
    B. narrow
    C. free from waterfalls
    D. silted
    Answer: C

17. Which resource is renewable?
    A. Coal
    B. Petroleum
    C. Natural gas
    D. Forest
    Answer: D

18. The earth rotates from
    A. west to east
    B. east to west
    C. north to south
    D. south to north
    Answer: A

19. The study of landforms is known as
    A. meteorology
    B. ecology
    C. geomorphology
    D. seismology
    Answer: C

20. Which of the following is an effect of population pressure?
    A. High employment
    B. Increased farm yields
    C. Environmental degradation
    D. High standard of living
    Answer: C

21. The longest river in Africa is
    A. Congo
    B. Niger
    C. Nile
    D. Zambezi
    Answer: C

22. A climatic region dominated by coniferous forests is
    A. savanna
    B. taiga
    C. steppe
    D. tropical rainforest
    Answer: B

23. The graphical representation of relief on maps is called
    A. scale
    B. legend
    C. contour
    D. grid
    Answer: C

24. Which of the following is a pull factor in migration?
    A. War
    B. Famine
    C. Employment opportunities
    D. Natural disaster
    Answer: C

25. The most important input in irrigation farming is
    A. fertilizers
    B. pesticides
    C. water
    D. tractors
    Answer: C

26. The most common rural settlement type in West Africa is
    A. nucleated
    B. dispersed
    C. linear
    D. clustered
    Answer: A

27. Harmattan is caused by
    A. southwest winds
    B. northeast trade winds
    C. westerlies
    D. monsoon winds
    Answer: B

28. Which of the following leads to deforestation?
    A. Afforestation
    B. Bush burning
    C. Conservation
    D. Reforestation
    Answer: B

29. The ratio between distance on map and ground is
    A. bearing
    B. scale
    C. contour
    D. legend
    Answer: B

30. Which of these is a function of ECOWAS?
    A. Common currency
    B. Promotion of trade
    C. Military blockade
    D. Cultural isolation
    Answer: B

31. The largest continent is
    A. Africa
    B. Europe
    C. Asia
    D. America
    Answer: C

32. A metamorphic rock is formed by
    A. cooling lava
    B. cementation
    C. heat and pressure
    D. deposition
    Answer: C

33. The soil type common in rainforest regions is
    A. loamy
    B. laterite
    C. sandy
    D. clayey
    Answer: B

34. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
    A. Crude oil
    B. Solar energy
    C. Coal
    D. Gas
    Answer: B

35. The instrument for measuring rainfall is
    A. rain gauge
    B. barometer
    C. thermometer
    D. wind vane
    Answer: A

36. Which of the following is a result of wind erosion?
    A. Moraine
    B. Yardang
    C. Delta
    D. Lagoon
    Answer: B

37. A major factor affecting vegetation distribution is
    A. language
    B. religion
    C. climate
    D. culture
    Answer: C

38. The world’s largest desert is
    A. Kalahari
    B. Gobi
    C. Sahara
    D. Atacama
    Answer: C

39. Which of these is a cause of soil erosion?
    A. Mulching
    B. Contour ploughing
    C. Overgrazing
    D. Terracing
    Answer: C

40. The most common means of transportation in deserts is
    A. ships
    B. trains
    C. camels
    D. cars
    Answer: C

41. A river’s mouth where it enters the sea may form
    A. canyon
    B. waterfall
    C. delta
    D. gorge
    Answer: C

42. A type of mechanical weathering is
    A. carbonation
    B. oxidation
    C. frost action
    D. hydrolysis
    Answer: C

43. The natural vegetation found in swampy areas is
    A. conifers
    B. mangroves
    C. tundra
    D. savanna
    Answer: B

44. The earth is divided into time zones because of
    A. the equator
    B. ocean currents
    C. rotation
    D. revolution
    Answer: C

45. Which continent is completely in the southern hemisphere?
    A. Asia
    B. Europe
    C. Australia
    D. North America
    Answer: C

46. A major cause of urbanization is
    A. poor healthcare
    B. job opportunities
    C. frequent drought
    D. deforestation
    Answer: B

47. Which of these is a product of volcanic eruption?
    A. Loess
    B. Lava
    C. Alluvium
    D. Moraine
    Answer: B

48. The scale 1:50,000 means 1 cm represents
    A. 5 m
    B. 500 m
    C. 5 km
    D. 50 m
    Answer: B

49. A refugee is one who
    A. travels for business
    B. flees due to war
    C. migrates for job
    D. moves to school
    Answer: B

50. The boundary between two tectonic plates is called
    A. fault
    B. ridge
    C. crater
    D. trench
    Answer: A

51. The highest mountain in the world is
    A. Kilimanjaro
    B. Everest
    C. K2
    D. Denali
    Answer: B

52. Sedimentary rocks are formed by
    A. cooling
    B. deposition
    C. heating
    D. crystallization
    Answer: B

53. The following are ocean tides EXCEPT
    A. spring
    B. neap
    C. solar
    D. diurnal
    Answer: C

54. The greatest influence on temperature is
    A. soil
    B. latitude
    C. vegetation
    D. wind
    Answer: B

55. Which of these is a human environmental problem?
    A. Earthquake
    B. War
    C. Tornado
    D. Hurricane
    Answer: B

56. The Amazon basin is known for
    A. desert vegetation
    B. rainforest
    C. tundra
    D. savanna
    Answer: B

57. The distance east or west of Greenwich is
    A. latitude
    B. bearing
    C. longitude
    D. altitude
    Answer: C

58. Which of these is a benefit of dams?
    A. Earthquakes
    B. Flooding
    C. Irrigation
    D. Deforestation
    Answer: C

59. A good example of a commercial crop is
    A. yam
    B. cassava
    C. onions
    D. cocoa
    Answer: D

60. The map item that explains symbols is
    A. scale
    B. legend
    C. compass
    D. title
    Answer: B

WAEC GCE Geography Paper 1/2 and 3 Questions and Answers 2025

GEOGRAPHY 2 (ESSAY) – 7 QUESTIONS WITH SAMPLE ANSWERS

Answer 5 questions only.

1. Describe the major landforms of Africa.

Points to include:

• Lowlands: Congo Basin, Chad Basin

• Highlands: Ethiopian Highlands, East African Plateau

• Mountains: Kilimanjaro, Atlas Mountains

• Rift Valley

• Deserts: Sahara, Kalahari

2. Explain factors influencing climate.

Include: Latitude, Altitude, Ocean currents, Distance from sea, Wind, Vegetation.

WAEC GCE Geography Paper 1/2 and 3 Questions and Answers 2025

3. Discuss the economic importance of transportation in West Africa.

Points: trade facilitation, mobility of labour, tourism, regional integration, distribution of goods.

4. Describe river features associated with the lower course.

Deltas, floodplains, levees, distributaries, meanders.

5. Highlight causes and effects of rural-urban migration.

Causes: jobs, education, services
Effects: congestion, unemployment, slums, pressure on infrastructure.

6. Write short notes on three types of rainfall.

• Convectional

• Orographic

• Cyclonic (frontal)

7. Explain three problems facing agriculture in Nigeria.

Poor tools, pests, climate variability, storage issues, poor roads, inadequate credit.

GEOGRAPHY 3 – PRACTICAL & PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY QUESTIONS

1. Calculate the gradient between two points on a map: A (height 200 m) and B (100 m). Horizontal distance = 5 km.

Solution:
Gradient = Vertical interval / Horizontal distance
= (200 – 100) m / 5 km
= 100 m / 5000 m
= 1:50

2. Draw and label a cross-section along a given contour line (contours provided).

Mark: Summit, valley, gentle slope, steep slope.

WAEC GCE Geography Paper 1/2 and 3 Questions and Answers 2025

3. Using provided climatic data, draw a combined temperature and rainfall graph.

Student must:

• Use bar graph for rainfall

• Line graph for temperature

• Label axes and title

4. Identify rocks A, B, and C from their characteristics:

• Rock A: coarse crystals → Igneous → Granite

• Rock B: fossils present → Sedimentary → Limestone

• Rock C: foliated layers → Metamorphic → Slate