2026 NECO Computer Studies Objective and Essay Questions and Answers

2026 NECO Computer Studies Objective and Essay Questions and Answers

PAPER I – OBJECTIVE TEST (PART 1)

Time Allowed: 1 Hour 30 Minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Answer all sixty (60) questions.
2. Each question is followed by four options labeled A–D.
3. Choose the most appropriate answer.
4. Each question carries one mark.
5. Use an HB pencil where applicable.

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Real NECO Computer Studies OBJ
B — group
A — entering text
D — system profiler
D — Ken Thompson
E — web browser
B — debugging
B — character reader
E — file operation
B — creates high rate of unemployment
A — AND
E — 9
B — 0 and 1
C — hexadecimal
B — Indent
E — F7
D — flowchart
B — August 6, 1991
D — star
D — portability
B — draws vector graphics
B — application package
C — line number
B — convert assembly language into machine language
C — Java
C — start
E — REM
B — Education
C — Permission
C — High traffic
B — hotspot
E — remove unwanted part of an image
D — style
D — primary
C — query
C — is the total perception of the designer who drew the flowchart
A — coding
A — analysis
E — there is too much dependency on the central device
B — phishing
B — cyberbullying
A — black/black-white
B — authentication
A — Affordability
B — first
C — EDVAC
B — manages system security
A — delete
A — Ctrl + =
C — Microsoft Excel
D — 750
B — 0110₂
C — TRUE if all inputs are TRUE
D — can implement any other basic logic gate
B — 101010₂
A — 1
A — 100010001
E — VI → I → V → IV → III → II
C — Making a choice
C — Eating or drinking while using the system
D — has a space between the username
COMPLETED!!!

Essay Real Answers

Number 1
(1ai)
A domain name is a unique name or address used to identify a website on the internet.Computer Hardware

OR

A domain name is the text address typed into a web browser to open a particular website.

(1aii)
(PICK ANY TWO)

i) .com: It is used for commercial or business websites.Books & Literature

(ii) .edu: It is used for educational institutions.

(iii) .gov: It is used for government websites.

(iv) .org: It is used for organizations, especially non-profit organizations.

(v) .net: It is used for network-related websites.

(1bi)
Auxiliary storage is a secondary storage device used to store data permanently, while main storage is the primary memory used by the computer to hold data and programs currently being processed.

Number 2
(2ai)

2aii)
(PICK ANY TWO)Public Records

i) Greater than: >Colleges & Universities

(ii) Less than: <

(iii) Equal to: =

(iv) Greater than or equal to: >=

(v) Less than or equal to: <=

(vi) Not equal to: <>

(2bi)

(i) Terminal symbol: It is used to show the beginning or end of a flowchart.Mathematics

(ii) Process symbol: It is used to show an operation or calculation in a flowchart.

(iii) Input/Output symbol: It is used to show data input or output in a flowchart.

(iv) Decision symbol: It is used to show where a choice or condition is made.

(2bii)
An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or performing a task.

3.

1, router.it connets different networks together and direct data packets to their correct destination.

(ii) Modem: It converts digital signals from a computer to analogue signals for transmission and converts analogue signals back to digital signals.

(iii) Switch: It connects devices in a network and sends data only to the device it is meant for.

(3b)
Binary number system uses only two digits, 0 and 1, while octal number system uses eight digits, 0 to 7.

Binary number system has base 2, while octal number system has base 8.

3c. 

Central Processing Unit: The CPU is the brain of the computer. It controls the activities of all other parts of the computer and processes data into useful information. It contains the control unit, arithmetic and logic unit, and registers.

Number 4
(4ai)
A compiler is a language translator that converts a high-level programming language into machine language at once before the program is executed.

(4aii)
Convert 742₈ to binary:

7 = 111

4 = 100

2 = 010

Therefore,

742₈ = 111100010₂Mathematics

(4aiii)
(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Use strong passwords.

(ii) Install and update antivirus software.

(iii) Use firewall protection.

(iv) Avoid opening suspicious links and attachments.

(v) Keep software and operating system updated.

(vi) Restrict unauthorized access to the computer.

(4b)
CPU registers are small temporary storage locations inside the CPU used to hold data during processing.

To carry out basic addition, the first number is loaded into a register. The second number is also loaded into another register. The control unit directs the arithmetic and logic unit to add the two numbers. After the addition, the result is stored in another register called the accumulator or result register.

For example, if 5 and 3 are to be added, 5 is stored in one register and 3 is stored in another register. The ALU adds them and stores the result, 8, in the accumulator.

Number 5
(5ai)
A communication system is a system that enables information or messages to be transmitted from one person, place or device to another through a communication channel.

(5aii)
(PICK ANY TWO)Reference

(i) It makes communication faster and easier.

(ii) It improves access to information.

(iii) It promotes online learning and research.

(iv) It helps businesses to operate faster and more efficiently.

(v) It creates job opportunities in areas such as programming, networking and data processing.

(5aiii)
An icon in computing is a small picture or symbol on the computer screen that represents a program, file, folder or command.

(5bi)
(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) To increase speed of operation.

(ii) To reduce errors in business activities.

(iii) To store and retrieve records easily.

(iv) To improve efficiency and productivity.

(v) To reduce the cost of manual work.

(vi) To improve customer service.

(5bii)
CorelDraw is a graphics package used mainly for designing logos, posters, flyers and other graphic works, while Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation package used for creating and displaying slides.

CorelDraw is used mainly for graphic design, while Microsoft PowerPoint is used mainly for slide presentation.

Number 6
(6ai)
(DIAGRAM)Mathematics

Mesh network topology is a type of network topology in which each device or computer is connected directly to other devices in the network. This allows data to move through different paths from one device to another.

(6aii)
(i) It is expensive to install because it requires many cables and network devices.

(ii) It is difficult to set up and maintain because of the many connections between devices.

(6bi)
A form in database is an object used to enter, view, edit and display records in a database in a well-arranged format.

(6bii)
(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Charles Babbage: Difference Engine/Analytical Engine.

(ii) Blaise Pascal: Pascaline.

(iii) Herman Hollerith: Tabulating machine.

(iv) Joseph Jacquard: Jacquard loom.

(v) John Napier: Napier’s bones.

(vi) Gottfried Leibniz: Leibniz calculator/Stepped Reckoner.

(6biii)
(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Print Layout view.

(ii) Read Mode view.

(iii) Web Layout view.

(iv) Outline view.

(v) Draft view.

COMPLETED!!!

1. A computer is best defined as an electronic device that
A. Types documents only
B. Accepts data, processes it, stores it, and produces information
C. Prints documents only
D. Browses the Internet only

Answer: B

2. The physical components of a computer are called
A. Software
B. Hardware
C. Firmware
D. Utilities

Answer: B

3. Which of the following is an input device?
A. Monitor
B. Printer
C. Keyboard
D. Speaker

Answer: C

4. Which device is mainly used to display information?
A. Scanner
B. Monitor
C. Keyboard
D. Microphone

Answer: B

5. The brain of the computer is the
A. RAM
B. CPU
C. ROM
D. Hard Disk

Answer: B

6. CPU stands for
A. Central Program Unit
B. Central Processing Unit
C. Computer Processing Utility
D. Computer Program Unit

Answer: B

7. Which memory is volatile?
A. ROM
B. Hard Disk
C. RAM
D. Flash Drive

Answer: C

8. ROM is mainly used to
A. Store temporary data
B. Store permanent instructions
C. Browse the Internet
D. Edit graphics

Answer: B

9. One byte is equal to
A. 4 bits
B. 8 bits
C. 16 bits
D. 32 bits

Answer: B

10. Which of the following is secondary storage?
A. RAM
B. Cache
C. Hard Disk
D. Register

Answer: C

11. A flash drive is an example of
A. Primary memory
B. Secondary storage
C. Cache memory
D. Virtual memory

Answer: B

12. Which generation of computers introduced microprocessors?
A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. Fourth

Answer: D

13. Vacuum tubes were used in the
A. First generation
B. Second generation
C. Third generation
D. Fourth generation

Answer: A

14. Integrated Circuits (ICs) characterized the
A. First generation
B. Second generation
C. Third generation
D. Fifth generation

Answer: C

15. Which of the following is NOT hardware?
A. Mouse
B. Keyboard
C. Microsoft Word
D. Printer

Answer: C

16. Software refers to
A. Computer cables
B. Computer programs and instructions
C. Monitor screen
D. Printer cartridge

Answer: B

17. Which of the following is system software?
A. Microsoft Excel
B. Windows Operating System
C. CorelDRAW
D. Adobe Photoshop

Answer: B

18. The primary function of an operating system is to
A. Play music
B. Manage computer resources
C. Print documents only
D. Browse websites

Answer: B

19. Which of the following is application software?
A. Linux
B. Windows
C. Microsoft Word
D. BIOS

Answer: C

20. A computer virus is a
A. Hardware component
B. Malicious program
C. Programming language
D. Database

Answer: B

21. Antivirus software is used to
A. Increase RAM
B. Detect and remove malware
C. Upgrade the monitor
D. Repair keyboards

Answer: B

22. The Internet is
A. A single computer
B. A global network of interconnected computers
C. A printer
D. A storage device

Answer: B

23. WWW stands for
A. World Wide Web
B. World Web Work
C. Wide World Web
D. Web World Wide

Answer: A

24. Which device connects a computer to a network?
A. Modem
B. Keyboard
C. Scanner
D. Webcam

Answer: A

25. E-mail is mainly used for
A. Printing documents
B. Electronic communication
C. Scanning images
D. Playing games

Answer: B

26. Which of the following is a web browser?
A. Google Chrome
B. Microsoft Excel
C. Adobe Reader
D. VLC Player

Answer: A

27. Which of the following is an example of a search engine?
A. Google
B. Microsoft Word
C. Windows
D. CorelDRAW

Answer: A

28. ICT stands for
A. International Computer Technology
B. Information and Communication Technology
C. Internet Communication Tool
D. Information Computer Terminal

Answer: B

2026 NECO Computer Studies Objective and Essay Questions and Answers

29. A Local Area Network (LAN) covers
A. The entire world
B. A small geographical area
C. Several countries
D. One continent

Answer: B

30. One advantage of computer networking is
A. Reduced communication
B. Easy sharing of resources
C. Increased hardware cost only
D. Elimination of data storage

Answer: B

31. Microsoft Word is primarily used for
A. Image editing
B. Word processing
C. Programming
D. Accounting

Answer: B

32. Which feature automatically moves text to the next line?
A. Word Wrap
B. Auto Save
C. Mail Merge
D. Find and Replace

Answer: A

33. Mail Merge is mainly used to
A. Create databases
B. Produce multiple personalized documents
C. Compress files
D. Scan images

Answer: B

34. Which menu is used to insert tables in Microsoft Word?
A. Home
B. Review
C. Insert
D. View

Answer: C

35. Microsoft Excel is mainly used for
A. Video editing
B. Spreadsheet calculations
C. Internet browsing
D. Photo editing

Answer: B

36. A formula in Microsoft Excel begins with
A. +
B. #
C. =
D. $

Answer: C

37. Which Excel function calculates the total of selected numbers?
A. COUNT
B. SUM
C. MAX
D. AVERAGE

Answer: B

38. A worksheet is contained in a
A. Folder
B. Workbook
C. Database
D. Browser

Answer: B

39. A database is
A. A collection of related data
B. A type of printer
C. A computer virus
D. A spreadsheet formula

Answer: A

40. Microsoft Access is primarily a
A. Word processor
B. Database management system
C. Graphics package
D. Programming language

Answer: B

41. A field in a database represents
A. A complete table
B. One category of information
C. A software package
D. A worksheet

Answer: B

42. A record consists of
A. Related fields describing one item
B. One worksheet only
C. One formula
D. One program

Answer: A

43. An algorithm is
A. A virus
B. A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem
C. A computer monitor
D. A storage device

Answer: B

44. A flowchart uses
A. Symbols to represent program logic
B. Paint brushes
C. Computer cables
D. Audio signals

Answer: A

45. Which symbol represents a decision in a flowchart?
A. Rectangle
B. Diamond
C. Oval
D. Arrow

Answer: B

46. Binary numbers use the digits
A. 0–9
B. 1–9
C. 0 and 1
D. 2 and 3

Answer: C

47. Decimal number system has base
A. 2
B. 8
C. 10
D. 16

Answer: C

48. The hexadecimal number system has base
A. 2
B. 8
C. 10
D. 16

Answer: D

49. Which programming language is considered high-level?
A. Machine language
B. Assembly language
C. Python
D. Binary code

Answer: C

50. Debugging means
A. Installing software
B. Finding and correcting errors in a program
C. Formatting a disk
D. Creating folders

Answer: B

51. Unauthorized access to a computer system is known as
A. Networking
B. Hacking
C. Printing
D. Downloading

Answer: B

52. A strong password should contain
A. Only letters
B. Only numbers
C. A combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols
D. Your first name

Answer: C

53. Phishing is an attempt to
A. Improve Internet speed
B. Steal personal information through deceptive messages or websites
C. Repair a computer
D. Install an operating system

Answer: B

54. Which of the following helps protect a computer from unauthorized network access?
A. Firewall
B. Calculator
C. Spreadsheet
D. Scanner

Answer: A

55. Which maintenance practice helps prevent overheating?
A. Blocking ventilation openings
B. Cleaning dust from fans and air vents regularly
C. Leaving the computer in direct sunlight
D. Disconnecting the keyboard permanently

Answer: B

56. One benefit of cloud computing is
A. Permanent loss of data
B. Access to files from different locations through the Internet
C. Elimination of the need for software
D. Automatic virus removal

Answer: B

57. Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to
A. A type of printer
B. The ability of computers to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence
C. A computer network cable
D. A database table

Answer: B

58. Which of the following is an example of biometric authentication?
A. Username only
B. Password only
C. Fingerprint recognition
D. File compression

Answer: C

59. One ethical responsibility of a computer user is to
A. Copy software illegally
B. Respect copyright and software licenses
C. Share passwords publicly
D. Spread malware

Answer: B

60. A backup is created primarily to
A. Increase monitor size
B. Recover data in case of loss or system failure
C. Improve Internet speed
D. Replace antivirus software

Answer: B

2026 NECO Computer Studies Objective and Essay Questions and Answers

COMPUTER STUDIES

PAPER II – ESSAY

Time Allowed: 2 Hours 30 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 100

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Answer Five (5) questions only.
2. Question 1 is compulsory.
3. All questions carry 20 marks each.
4. Write your answers clearly and show diagrams where necessary.
5. Credit will be given for logical presentation, correct technical terms, and neatness.

QUESTION 1 (COMPULSORY)

(a) Define a computer.

(b) Explain the four basic functions of a computer.

(c) Draw and label the functional block diagram of a computer.

MODEL ANSWER

(a) Definition

A computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes it according to a set of instructions, stores it, and produces meaningful information as output.

(b) Four Basic Functions of a Computer

1. Input

• The process of entering data into the computer using devices such as a keyboard, mouse, scanner, or microphone.

2. Processing

• The Central Processing Unit (CPU) manipulates and processes the data according to program instructions.

3. Storage

• Data and information are stored temporarily in primary memory (RAM) or permanently in secondary storage devices such as hard disks and SSDs.

4. Output

• The processed information is presented to users through output devices such as monitors, printers, speakers, or projectors.

(c) Functional Block Diagram

        INPUT DEVICES
              │
              ▼
      +----------------+
      |      CPU       |
      | ALU + Control  |
      |     Unit       |
      +----------------+
              │
      ┌───────┴────────┐
      ▼                ▼
 MEMORY UNIT      OUTPUT DEVICES
(RAM, ROM, etc.) (Monitor, Printer)

QUESTION 2

(a) Differentiate between hardware and software.

(b) State five examples of hardware.

(c) State five examples of software.

MODEL ANSWER

Hardware

Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system that can be seen and touched.

Software

Software consists of the programs and instructions that direct the computer to perform specific tasks.

Examples of Hardware

1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Monitor
4. Printer
5. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) / Solid-State Drive (SSD)

Examples of Software

1. Microsoft Windows
2. Linux
3. Microsoft Word
4. Microsoft Excel
5. CorelDRAW

QUESTION 3

(a) Explain the differences between RAM and ROM.

(b) State four characteristics of RAM.

(c) State four characteristics of ROM.

MODEL ANSWER

Differences

Characteristics of RAM

1. Temporary storage.
2. Fast access speed.
3. Supports read and write operations.
4. Loses contents when power is switched off.

Characteristics of ROM

1. Permanent storage.
2. Stores boot instructions (firmware).
3. Retains data without power.
4. Contents are not easily modified.

QUESTION 4

(a) Define a computer network.

(b) Explain the following network types:

• LAN
• MAN
• WAN

(c) State five advantages of computer networking.

MODEL ANSWER

Definition

A computer network is a group of interconnected computers and devices that communicate and share resources.

Types of Networks

LAN (Local Area Network)

• Covers a small geographical area such as an office, school, or home.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

• Covers a city or metropolitan region.

WAN (Wide Area Network)

• Covers very large geographical areas, including countries and continents. The Internet is the largest example.

Advantages

1. Resource sharing (printers, files, Internet).
2. Fast communication.
3. Easy file transfer.
4. Centralized data management.
5. Reduced operating costs.

2026 NECO Computer Studies Objective and Essay Questions and Answers

QUESTION 5

(a) Explain the term computer virus.

(b) State six types of computer viruses or malware.

(c) Mention eight preventive measures against malware.

MODEL ANSWER

Computer Virus

A computer virus is a malicious program designed to infect computer systems, damage files, disrupt operations, or steal information.

Types of Malware

1. Virus
2. Worm
3. Trojan Horse
4. Ransomware
5. Spyware
6. Adware

Preventive Measures

1. Install reputable antivirus software.
2. Update antivirus definitions regularly.
3. Avoid opening suspicious email attachments.
4. Download software only from trusted sources.
5. Keep the operating system updated.
6. Use a firewall.
7. Scan removable storage devices before use.
8. Back up important data regularly.

QUESTION 6

(a) Define an algorithm.

(b) Explain a flowchart.

(c) Draw a flowchart to determine whether a number entered by a user is even or odd.

MODEL ANSWER

Algorithm

An algorithm is a finite sequence of well-defined steps used to solve a problem or perform a computation.

Flowchart

A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm using standardized symbols to show the sequence of operations.

Flowchart

 START
   │
   ▼
Input Number N
   │
   ▼
Is N mod 2 = 0?
   │
 ┌─┴─────────┐
 │           │
Yes         No
 │           │
 ▼           ▼
Display    Display
"EVEN"      "ODD"
 │           │
 └─────┬─────┘
       ▼
      STOP

QUESTION 7

(a) Explain the importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).

(b) State ten applications of ICT in different sectors of the economy.

MODEL ANSWER

Importance of ICT

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to technologies used to create, process, store, retrieve, and communicate information. ICT has transformed education, business, healthcare, governance, and communication.

Applications of ICT

1. Education – E-learning, online examinations, digital libraries.
2. Healthcare – Electronic medical records and telemedicine.
3. Banking – Internet banking, ATMs, and mobile banking.
4. Business – E-commerce, inventory management, accounting.
5. Agriculture – Precision farming and weather forecasting.
6. Government – E-governance and digital public services.
7. Transportation – Online ticketing, GPS navigation, traffic management.
8. Communication – Email, instant messaging, and video conferencing.
9. Media and Entertainment – Digital publishing, streaming, and content creation.
10. Security – CCTV surveillance, biometric systems, and cybersecurity monitoring.

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